Field Session Projects 2007


Atmel
Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
Cherry Creek High School
Comverse
CSM1 - GK12
CSM2 - CDE
CSM3 - Wireless Networks for Middle/High School
CSM4 - Academic Computing
CSM5 - Fun Computer Activities for Middle School Girls
EcoManual
Los Alamos 1 - Statistical Analysis of Failure Data
Los Alamos 2 - Parallel Search
OmniTech International 1 - Shipping & Receiving
OmniTech International 2 - Cash Forecasting
Prime Research Group 1 - VOIP Demos
Prime Research Group 2 - Network Management
Resolute Natural Resources
Suhaka Consulting
Toilers Research - Wireless Sensor Efficiency
Toilers Research 2 - AQUANET -- Aquatic Network Experimentation Testbed
Wendy Wood Photography


Atmel

Client:

Bryan Sendelweck, Process Engineer, Atmel Corporation

Background:

Photolithography is one of the steps of the semiconductor manufacturing process in which circuit patterns are transferred from a pattern mask onto each silicon wafer. In order to ensure the quality of the pattern transfer, critical dimensions (CDs) of the pattern are measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In our high volume manufacturing environment, there are numerous SEMs and thousands of CD recipes. Performance metrics for the CD metrology operation, specifically metrics for each CD SEM and each CD recipe, enable process engineers to systemically improve the productivity of the CD metrology operation.

This project will be to create a web-based application to generate performance metrics and facilitate analysis of the performance metrics in the CD metrology area. The performance metrics will be derived from a database containing the log files from each CD SEM tool. The application would have an intuitive GUI designed to generate reports around two main metrics: tool performance and recipe performance.

Project Requirements: Working Environment:

This project offers an opportunity to experience the software development process in a diverse computing environment. The team will be interfacing with senior process engineering and IT professionals in a high volume semiconductor manufacturing facility.

Bureau of Land Management

There are four potential projects for BLM (and others to choose from as well):
  1. Develop a report for one of the BLM transaction applications. (There are numerous reports for the 10 different systems that could be chosen.)  Requires students to work with business representatives to determine requirements and then programming, documenting and testing of the report before it is put into production in our reporting warehouse. (This is similar to what the students did last year). Report development has to be ADA 508 compliant and NISTsecurity controls have to be met.
  2. Develop a program for tracking software licenses (versions/number of copies) within our office to assure that we are in compliance with all licenses.
  3. Develop program to link our GIS applications maps to scanned images of the BLM land and survey records. This involves working with subject matter experts to develop requirements, develop a method of indexing images and maps, develop the program, documentation and testing so that program can be placed into production.
  4. Develop reports for our National Integrated Land System (GIS application). Requires students to work with business representatives to determine requirements and then programming, documenting and testing of the report before it is put into production in our reporting warehouse. Report development has to be ADA 508 compliant and NISTsecurity controls have to be met.

Cherry Creek High School

Client:
Ethan Dusto, Teacher
Cherry Creek High School

Background:

I am a 3rd year science teacher at Cherry Creek High School in Englewood, CO, teaching freshmen honor physical science. I have been working toward creating a useful interactive website to supplement what I do in the classroom. Ideally, the website will be useful for students in similar classes all around the globe. The project is ideal for students looking to potentially teach in the future, since there is some lesson planning and unit development.

Project Goal:

To improve upon the website created in 2006. The goal will be to add extra materials in the lecture notes, activities, interactive quizzes, and improve upon the user accessibility of the site. The site (www.mrdusto.com) was created through a field session study last year, and has been a success with my students. The only complaints have been with the design of the site and the usability.

Project Tasks:

Comverse

Overview:

Comverse develops enterprise billing and ordering software products for telecommunications providers (i.e. local phone carriers, ISPs, cable companies and eCommerce). During a Comverse software implementation it is common that custom java applications must be developed to fit our customer’s specific business needs.

When developing custom applications we typically begin with a “bare-bones” java project that is used as a template. We copy the java template and make several manually intensive changes to configure the project for the new custom application. This manual process is time-consuming and problematic.

In this project you will be responsible for the design, development and delivery of a Java based GUI/Wizard that that will help automate the creation of new software projects. This application will be based on XML configuration so that is configurable and usable for different types of software applications.

Skills/Focus:

Through this project the following technologies and skills will be put to practice:


Experience:

This project provides an excellent opportunity to work with important industry standard languages and technologies. You will be helping a leading software company to increase efficiency in developing software applications that are used worldwide. You will work with a small team of experienced IT Developer/Consultants and solidify skills that can be leveraged in a variety of future endeavors.

CSM - 1 GK-12 Learning Partnerships

*Background*

The Colorado School of Mines Mathematical and Computer Sciences Department and Engineering Division have been participating in a sequence of grants that are designed to improve the instruction that K-12 students receive in mathematics, science and engineering. These grants are funded by the National Science Foundation, the Colorado Department of Education, and the Colorado Department of Higher Education. Thus far, thirteen local school districts have participated in these projects and international participation is anticipated within the next year. A critical component of the GK-12 Learning Partnerships grants is the collection of data for program assessment and evaluation purposes. As part of this project, Field Session students would develop an on-line database that would be used for the collection of assessment data from teachers and graduate students.

This project is sponsored by the Center for Assessment in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.

*Project Requirements*

   * Develop an on-line data base for the collection of the appropriate data.
   * Develop appropriate securities for database.
   * Develop web-based access to database from user’s location
   * Design a GUI to support data entry.
   * Design reporting features, such as export to Excel or Minitab.

*Skills Required*

The project requires knowledge of database-driven web development.  The team will be responsible for working with the computing support staff at CSM to determine the best architecture.   The architectural design can be flexible, but must be easily maintained.

CSM 2 - CDE Curriculum Development


*Background*

The Colorado School of Mines Mathematical and Computer Sciences Department and Engineering Division have been participating in a sequence of grants that are designed to improve the instruction that K-12 students receive in mathematics, science and engineering. These grants are funded by the National Science Foundation, the Colorado Department of Education, and the Colorado Department of Higher Education. As a result of these efforts, a series of activities have been developed for middle school students and teachers that illustrate the applications of mathematics and science to engineering. The purpose of this project is to convert these activities for on-line delivery. As part of this project, Field Session students will develop the on-line curriculum. This project will require a strong background in web development as well as creativity in curriculum design. This project requires a combination of basic mathematical knowledge and web development skills.

This project is sponsored by the Center for Assessment in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.

*Project Requirements*


*Skills Required*

The project requires knowledge of web development. The architectural design can be flexible, but must be easily maintained.

CSM3 - Wireless Networks for Middle/High School

Client:
Tracy Camp(tcamp@mines.edu)
Mike Mooney(mmooney@mines.edu)

Project Title:
Development of Wireless Sensor Network Based Activities to Engage Middle and High School Students

The main goal of this field session project is to develop wireless sensor network (WSN) based activities and projects for middle and high school students. WSNs are collections of small (credit card size) wireless, portable sensor nodes that measure various environmental and physical parameters, e.g., temperature, humidity, solar radiation, barometric pressure, acceleration and velocity. A WSN can consist of 2 to 2000 sensor nodes distributed throughout an environment to monitor behavior. WSNs are being deployed in myriad applications from underground construction to factory monitoring to monitoring environmental habitats. WSNs provide an excellent vehicle to teach science, technology, engineering and math integration to middle and high school students.

WSNs involve computer hardware concepts related to microprocessors, radio communication chips, flash memory, circuitry, battery power, base stations, and PCs (desktops/laptops). In addition, WSNs involve extensive software programming concepts as each node must be programmed to accomplish the collection of data. Also, the interfaces for many WSNs are web-based; therefore, working with WSNs requires skills in web development. WSNs also involve communication concepts – both node to node and between nodes and the base station. Each of these areas of hardware, software and wireless communications concepts can be related directly to social technologies that play an important part of middle and high school student lives (e.g., cell phones, I-pods).

This field session project will involve developing a year-long suite of activities that involve programming, deploying, and managing a WSN for a specific (to be determined) purpose; these activities will be implemented by middle and/or high school students. The field session students will develop an understanding for WSNs by working with wireless sensors, etc., and investigate existing WSNs used for environmental research and education. The field session students will also develop conceptual projects that are aligned with middle and high school math and science curriculum, and develop written lessons and activities for selected projects. Selected projects will be piloted to ensure their efficacy.

CSM4 - Academic Computing

Client: Martin Heck (mheck@mines.edu)

There are three options for this project:

1) Campus Windows Update Services

AC&N has a Windows Software Update Services (WSUS) server in place, however, we would like to expand on its functionality as follows:

2) Symantec Antivirus for Students

AC&N has recently changed our campus Antivirus license from Command AV to Symantec Corporate Edition AV. This was partially funded by Tech Fee, and so we need to implement an interface for students, faculty, and staff to download for use at home. Some of our requirements for this are as follows:

3) MSDN Academic Alliance Website

Various departments around campus have purchased the MSDN Academic Alliance (MSDNAA), including the MACS department. MSDNAA allows for both campus-owned student use machines and personal-owned student machines to install various Microsoft products, including Windows, various Servers, and most development tools. Currently, AC&N does not have a very good system in place for providing access for personal machines to students in the MSDNAA departments; typically one opens a service request, waits while AC&N finds & burns the software, determines a license code, and then students pick up CDs either from Green Center or their department secretary. MSDNAA provides a hosted web service (called ELMS), which AC&N would like to make use of. ELMS typically works as a one-off (one student gets one product), so we would like to have a front-end system in place which will provide the following:

CSM5 - Fun Computer Activities for Middle School Girls

Client:
Dr. Tracy Camp
Marianne Graham

Over the last five years, the number of students that have chosen to major in computer science has dropped nationwide by over 50%. And, unfortunately, this drop is occurring at a higher rate for female students. Our goal is to encourage middle school girls to consider computer science as a major field of study.

The purpose of this project is to develop part of a website that will be used to teach middle school girls various computer science tools and how computer science can be used in the real world. Ultimately the website will have a variety of modules for the girls to work through, and each module will contain 2-4 sections (each with 2-4 activities).

The goal of this field session project is to develop around 10 small activities that highlight computer science topics or careers in computer science. Topics could include databases, web programming, robotics, character recognition, and image processing. The modules will be created in Flash or java, depending on the student's knowledge and the specifics of each activity. The students will also need to learn web programming and tools.

EcoManual

Customer:

Jered Dean, EcoManual

Background:

Design engineers are increasingly having to consider the energy consumed, waste created and pollutants released by their designs. The environmental impact of a product is not measured only at its manufacture but stretches from the moment it is first prototyped until it ends its useful life (most likely as solid waste in a landfill).

Design engineers (industrial, mechanical and electrical for the purpose of this project) have the greatest influence on a product's effect on the environment. Unfortunately, engineers attempting to design for the smallest ecological footprint are faced with a dilemma: there is very little information available to engineers about how to design most effectively and no budget typically appropriated for this research.

Goal:

The goal of this project is to create the online resource for ecologically responsible consumer product design. The site will include guest blogs, an online "text book", and discussion forums regarding green engineering. All the site's features will need to be easy to maintain and use.

It is important to stress that the final interface and content of the "text book" portion of the site is yet to be determined and I look forward to working with the team to brainstorm the best way to serve fellow engineers.

The final result of this project will be a fully functional website at www.ecomanual.com. The project will require the team to employ a mixture of research, design, and programming.

Skills Required:


Los Alamos - Statistical Analysis of Failure Data

Large simulation codes running on large leadership class supercomputers are doing important
science. Current leadership class machines have a few hundred thousand way parallelism. For
future multi-petascale machines, million or even multi-million way parallelism is expected. 

These environments are very complex. Typical applications that run on these systems involve one to several thousand processing units and often run for 6-18 months 24 hours per day. Failure is so common that applications stop computation and checkpoint their memory state to parallel file system disks every few hours so they can restart after a processing unit failure. Mean Time To Interrupt (MTTI) for these jobs is typically a few hours. As supercomputers get bigger and bigger, it will become more important to understand failure at scale.  Approaches for both avoiding failure and surviving through failure must be explored.

One way to learn more about failure in these environments is to study the operational data
produced by these environments. LANL has kept interrupt data for every interrupt in this
environment that has effected a running application for decades.  The goal of this work will be to characterize the usage and event data and look for correlations or relationships between the usage, event, environment, and interrupt data. The desire is to find out useful relationships that might be exploited to prevent, predict, or better deal with failure. The information should be provided in a co-authored LANL/Mines publishable paper or technical report form, suitable for submission to a relevant computer science conference. It is also expected that a presentation will be made at the end of this project to LANL describing the process and findings.

This project will provide the students with:
For a more detailed description of this project, click here.

Los Alamos 2 - Parallel Search

Motivation

Large simulation codes running on large leadership class supercomputers are doing important science. Current leadership class machines have a few hundred thousand way parallelism. For future multi-petascale machines, million or even multi-million way parallelism is expected. At the same time, data sets are growing increasingly larger and the cost to scan data, particularly doing so in a sequential manner on a single machine, has become prohibitively expensive.

Unfortunately, given current file systems designs, many types of data search require a full scan of the data set. Current file systems organize their file data using only the single dimension of the file name. In fact, operating systems today and users’ interactions with them have been largely dominated by this paradigm: users organize files into directories. Internally, file systems use metadata to capture these logical relationships between files onto physical storage media (i.e. disk drives). The user interface for placing and locating file data is highly influenced by the structure of the file system metadata. For example, file data can be quickly retrieved by using a file’s full path-name as this reflects the internal organization of the file system’s metadata. Finding file data, however, using some other description dimension (e.g. searching for strings within file data) is typically slower by several orders of magnitude since this usually requires scanning the entire data set. More recently, inspired by google’s mastery of internet search, many operating systems have added external utilities, such as Spotlight in Mac OS X, to optimize searching for file data using other descriptive information instead of the full path such as file owner, internal string matching, file type, etc. Google, itself, has extended its search abilities onto the desktop with a product called Google Desktop which does one initial scan of user data, creates new metadata indices and then uses these to drastically speed up subsequent data searchs.

As data sets have grown increasingly larger, the cost of scanning data has become prohibitively expensive.

Goal

To combine parallelism with efficient search techniques to enable extremely high-performance, scalable data search. By combining the efficient local search ability of Google Desktop with the parallelism available by combining multiple computers using OpenMPI, the time to search a large data set should be reduced by multiple orders of magnitude.

Skills

The students must have basic programming skills and a willingness to work on challenging problems. They will also need to run and time programs and then turn those measurements into graphs. This will also require some ability to think critically in terms of designing experiments to demonstrate the value of the new search mechanism and the best organization of the data to show this.

For more information on this project, click here.

Omnitech International 1 - Shipping & Receiving

Omnitech’s Background

Omnitech International, Inc. designs, develops, and installs two-piece drawn and ironed (D&I) can and can end manufacturing systems on a global basis. Our company is introducing a new product line of breakthrough technology and equipment called MicroFlex, so students will get to experience working in a pretty exciting environment in the midst of a new technology product launch.

Project Background

Because of the nature of can manufacturing systems, Omnitech’s products are made to order and consequently we only carry a minimal inventory. It is therefore crucial that our shipping and receiving procedures are as efficient as possible. Students will get a great opportunity to work with the users of the system – purchasing, manufacturing and accounting specialists as well as technology engineers. The project will be lead by the company’s Chief Financial Officer, who has significant experience in IT systems projects and business management. Students will be exposed to purchasing processes in an engineering and manufacturing environment, and how this key business function interrelates to finance, cash flow budgeting and management, shipping/receiving of inventory and finished products, engineering, product catalog management and project management.

Requirements

We need a web based interface that will help us manage our shipping and receiving process.

The Finished Product Must:

Skills Required:

Omnitech International, Inc. 2 - Cash Forecasting

Omnitech’s Background

Omnitech International, Inc. designs, engineers, develops, and installs two-piece drawn and ironed (D&I) can and can end manufacturing systems on a global basis. Our company is introducing a new product line of breakthrough technology and equipment called MicroFlex, so students will get to experience working in a pretty exciting environment in the midst of a new product launch.

Project Background

Every company would love to have a crystal ball that tells them exactly the best way to do business; however, we will have to settle for the next best thing. As students will learn, cash flow is the lifeblood of any business, and one of the most critical business concepts to understand and manage. So we are looking for a cash forecasting system that will extract data from our Accounting Software and other resources and then apply Operations Research Methods to create reports that will help us make better business decisions. The students will work with the company’s Chief Financial Officer, who has significant experience in systems projects and business management. Students will be exposed to financial accounting, cash flow forecasting, budgets and how to capture and present information into meaningful reports for executives. If time permits, the students will be able to work on an “executive dashboard” type of webpage that presents key indicators of company performance in a simplified clear manner.

Requirements

The Finished Product:

Skills Required:

Prime Research Group 1 - VOIP Demos

Dr. Jason Liu, MCS Faculty
Nathan Van Vorst, M.S. Student

Background


PRIME (Parallel Real-time Immersive network Modeling Environment) is a powerful real-time network simulator designed for studying large-scale computer networks and is currently under development by the PRIME research group here at CSM. Our ultimate goal is to allow real distributed applications to interact with the virtual network that consists of millions of network entities (e.g., routers and links). Immersive large-scale network simulation requires that the simulation not only capture important characteristics of the target global network, but also support seamless interactions with distributed applications in real time. For someone operating a network, the behavior of the immersive virtual network should not be distinguished from that of a physical network.

A scalable emulation infrastructure has been implemented to allow real network applications to be embedded in the simulation environment. Using this infrastructure, these real applications can operate normally as if they were connected to the real Internet. They generate traffic, which is then redirected into the network simulator, where packet delays and packet losses are introduced as the real network traffic competes with the simulated traffic for the network resources.

Project Goal


The goal of this project is to develop a set of test scenarios that involve running VOIP and video conferencing applications in the real-time network simulation environment. These demos will be used to study the effect of various network conditions on the streaming multimedia applications.


Skills Required

By the end of the field session, the students will acquire a good knowledge of computer networks, as well as computer modeling and simulation. Your participation in the research group will for certain yield significant weight on your resume, especially if you are seeking a graduate school. Students who successfully complete this project will be recruited by the PRIME research group and funded for further research activities in the summer as well as during the following academic year.


Prime Research Group 2 - Network Management

Dr. Jason Liu, MCS Faculty
Dallas Nutsch, M.S. Student

Background

PRIME (Parallel Real-time Immersive network Modeling Environment) is a powerful real-time network simulator designed for studying large-scale computer networks and is currently under development by the PRIME research group here at CSM. Our ultimate goal is to allow real distributed applications to interact with the virtual network that consists of millions of network entities (e.g., routers and links). Immersive large-scale network simulation requires that the simulation not only capture important characteristics of the target global network, but also support seamless interactions with distributed applications in real time. For someone operating a network, the behavior of the immersive virtual network should not be distinguished from that of a physical network.

The virtual network can be monitored and controlled by the network administrator via a standard network protocol, such as SNMP (or Simple Network Management Protocol). With the emulation support in PRIME, the user can use popular network management tools to access the state of the virtual network and control its traffic in real time.

Project Goal

The goal of this project is to implement a prototype to demonstrate the capabilities of network management in PRIME. The first step is to use an open-source network management tool, called MRTG (which comes with a graphical Web interface), to monitor and control the virtual network. Next, the project will investigate the possibility of including simple management modules in netvis, which is a GUI interface for PRIME.

Skills Required

By the end of the field session, the students will acquire a good knowledge of computer networks, and modeling and simulation. Your participation in the research group will for certain yield significant weight on your resume, especially if you are seeking a graduate school. Students who successfully complete this project will be recruited by the PRIME research group and funded for further research activities in the summer as well as during the following academic year.

Resolute Natural Resources Co

Client: Franz Auerbach

Background

Resolute Natural Resources Co. is an Oil and Gas company with fields in the Four Corners area of Utah. With headquarters in downtown Denver, we operate and explore for Oil and Gas with our partners Navajo Oil and Gas.

The Program

We are building a decision support database to help mine data from our Accounting and Well Activity databases. This database will require a web-based user interface that allows the user to build reports. Our project will include building the user interface to the database and creating controls that allow the user to select appropriate tables and fields for their report.

Skills and Tools

The tools that we will be using are SQL Server, C# and ASP .Net. The database schema will be provided so that the project will concentrate on the connectivity and front end development. The final result of this project will be an interface that utilizes a browser to expose the appropriate data in the database and allows the user to arrange and select fields for a custom report. The output should be displayed in the browser and should allow the user to download the output to an Excel spreadsheet.

Suhaka Consulting

Background:

Suhaka Consulting works for various oil and gas companies writing applications and databasing applications. We automate data loads, process old data, perform data analysis and provide tools to save users time and provide them with efficiency in their jobs.

Project Overview:

No one has time to waste finding data. Our client is a major Fortune 500 service company who has asked us to optimize an application that was formerly written in Microsoft Access VBA that organizes wicked amounts of data. Right now in addition to having a customizable search screen and query builder, it goes out to public data sources to grab new data and insert it into the database.

Halliburton would like to have this interface put onto their intranet in an ASP website. They also would like an interactive chart & map built so as to see results of jobs done on wells around a target well. This application is fully written and operational in MS Access and is at high priority to be translated into ASP. It will interface with various other executables that have been written in both C# and VB.NET.

Technologies To Be Used:

SQL Server 2005, MS Access, TSQL, VBA, ASP, C#, VB.NET, Microsoft .NET 2.0 platform, & anything else that makes sense to use.

Process:

We suspect that it should require a 2-3 person team to complete this project outlined within the timelines of MACS 370.  These candidates should be proficient in TSQL and have a knowledge of VBA and ASP. After the completion of this project, there is a possible opportunity for a full/part-time paid internship for the remainder of the summer. The team will be highly collaborative and must like each other and not mind working for Halliburton (if you finish this project and are offered an internship – there is a HIGH possibility that you will be doing projects for Halliburton for the remainder of the summer).


Toilers Research - Wireless Sensor Efficiency

Client:
    Qi Han (CS Faculty)
    Colorado School of Mines
    http://www.mines.edu/~qhan

Wireless sensors are becoming smaller and cheaper, while their capabilities continuously improve. Systems incorporating large numbers of them are now technically and economically feasible and will provide unprecedented access to the physical world at a fine level of spatio-temporal detail.  However, wireless sensors are resource-constrained and wireless sensor networks are failure-prone.  This project is to study the impact of network dynamics (e.g., network topology, link quality, and MAC protocols) on latency, reliability and cost involved in the process of sensor data collection.

By the end of Field Session, you will know how to work with TinyOS (a light-weight operating system designed for wireless sensors), and how to use TOSSIM (a TinyOS simulator to ease the development of sensor applications).

Skills required:

    * Strong C++/C programming skills
    * Ability/interest to learn new programming languages
    * knowledge of computer networks is a plus


Toilers 2 - AQUANET -- Aquatic Network Experimentation Testbed



Client: Toilers Research Group
            Tracy Camp and Jason Liu, CS Faculty

Background:

Several researchers are currently working to develop networking  protocols that will be efficient in the harsh underwater environment.  Because the cost of the equipment, deployment, and data recovery of  an underwater network is exorbitant, many of these researchers will  be required to rely upon simulation.  In MCS at CSM, faculty are  working to develop an underwater acoustic network simulator for  prototyping, analyzing, and evaluating these underwater acoustic  networks.

Currently, several underwater acoustic networks (UWAN) models have  been developed for a diverse set of existing wireless simulators.   For example, researchers at the Broadband & Wireless Networking (BWN)  Lab at George Tech developed UWAN models based on the wireless models  in the J-Sim simulator. Researchers at the Network Research Lab at  UCLA used both ns-2 and QualNet for UWAN simulations. Researchers at  UConn are also using ns-2 for underwater sensor network simulations.  There are efforts in modeling and simulation of underwater acoustic  modems using OPNET.  The SNUSE research group developed their own  UWAN simulations from scratch (with very primitive underwater  acoustic models)

Project Goal:

1) Get as many of these underwater simulators running in the ALAMODE lab
2) Write a detailed report on the UWAN models that are included in  each simulator
3) Implement a different UWAN model (to be determined)

Skill Required:

* Programming skill in Java and C++
* Ability to learn new languages and packages
* Motivated to do cutting-edge research

This is a research-oriented project that could continue throughout  the summer, with the student(s) being funded for further work after  field session.


Wendy Wood Photography


Wendy Wood Photography is an artist-owned business specializing in wedding and portrait photography. Their current web site is a simple gallery focused site. The company wishes to enhance their internet presence to include the following features:

1) Create an account system in order to Individualize a client's needs. For example, clients should log in to view their proofs online and even view a customized holiday card with their favorite photo.

2) Create an online shopping experience. The web site should walk the client through the entire ordering process: choosing proofs, choosing photo sizes, adding special options such as cards, paying for the order with a credit card, and getting a receipt.

3) Present a tabbed interface to the user that  allows for simple addition of new pages. The tabs would include photo galleries, announcements, and other information. Sub-tabs would allow the user to drill down to specific information such as testimonials or clothing tips.

4) Enhance the visual quality of the site via animation and music.

5) Lastly, all of these enhancements must be engineered in a way such that a photographer can make simple changes to the site (adding images to the galleries or changing prices) without the need for a dedicated internet specialist.